Kupovina stana Ažurirano 05.11.2021
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Šta je depozit za kupovinu stana i kako se određuje njegova visina?

Najčešća praksa kada se zaključuje pravni posao vezan za kupoprodaju bilo koje vrste nepokretnosti, jeste da se između prodavca i kupca zaključi i predugovor.

Ovaj “predugovor” podrazumeva davanje kapare za kupovinu stana, kao vid obezbeđivanja prodavca (često investitora) da će se u dogovorenom roku zaključiti glavni ugovor o kupoprodaji.

U ovom tekstu vam donosimo odgovore na najvažnija pitanja koja morate znati kada je neophodno ostaviti depozit za kupovinu stana. Među najbitnijima očekujte:

  • Šta je depozit za kupovinu stana?
  • Koliko depozit za kupovinu stana treba da iznosi (kako izračunati depozit za kupovinu stana)?
  • Šta kapara za kupovinu stana podrazumeva u praksi?

Šta je depozit za kupovinu stana

Prvi veliki korak u realizaciji kupovine (ili prodaje) nekretnine je kapara, osim u situacijama kada se plaćanje npr. stana, vrši odjednom (keš kupac).

Zakon o obligacionim odnosima kaže da “kapara”, tj. ugovor o depozitu na kupovinu stana obavezuje kupca da u predviđenom roku izvrši kupovinu stana. 

Ukoliko se to ne desi, prodavac može sam tražiti izvršenje ugovora, ili naknadu štete u tri oblika:

  1. Depozit za stan uračunati u naknadu štete (u ovom slučaju sud odlučuje naknadu za štetu pričinjenu neizvršavanjem ugovorne obaveze)
  2. Vratiti depozit za kupovinu stana
  3. Zadovoljiti se primljenom kaparom

Kapara za stan je vid psihološkog pritiska na ispunjenje ugovorne obaveze od strane prodavca. Drugim rečima – nema odustajanja. Svako predomišljanje posle overe Predugovora i predavanja depozita za kupovinu stana, povlači posledice.

Čovek pokazuje kalkulacije na papiru

Podela krivice u vezi ispunjavanja ugovorne obaveze

Šta kada je za zakašnjenje sa ispunjavanjem uslova iz kupoprodajnog ugovora “kriv” prodavac stana, ili investitor?

Ukoliko do zaključenja glavnog ugovora ne dođe iz razloga koji se mogu pripisati prodavcu, kupac ima pravo da zahteva da mu prodavac isplati dvostruki iznos primljene kapare.

Međutim, šta ako do zaključenja kupoprodajnog ugovora nije došlo zbog krivice kupca? 

U tom slučaju, prodavac ima pravo da zadrži depozit za stan, ali i da traži naknadu nastale štete usled raskida pravnog posla.

Kako u praksi izgleda ugovor o depozitu za kupovinu stana

U termin za potpisivanje predugovora o kaparisanju nepokretnosti najbolje je krenuti sa pravnikom i/ili bankarskim savetnikom

Pravnik ima najviše znanja i mogućnosti da protumači i razume dokumentaciju koju poseduje prodavac – najpre Vlasnički list (List nepokretnosti), Građevinsku dozvolu i Prijavu radova.

Oba dokumenta dostupna su u Katastru i preuzima ih vlasnik, tj. prodavac. Predugovor o kupoprodaji sastavlja Prodavac, i u njemu treba precizirati bitne stavke glavnog Ugovora, kao i načina za rešavanje potencijalnog povraćaja ili zadržavanja sume date kao depozit za stan.

*Posebno je važno precizirati pravila o povraćaju kapare za kupovinu stana, ukoliko se dogodi da mu banka ne odobri stambeni kredit. Najčešći dogovori su:

    1. Povraćaj celokupne kapare kupcu ili samo jednog dela depozita, ukoliko banka ne odobri kredit. U tom slučaju troškove raskida ugovora podnosi kupac.
  • Prodavac zadržava predati depozit za kupovinu stana

Kada se obe strane saglase oko sadržine Predugovora, taj dokument, kao i sva dokumentacija na osnovu koje je on izrađen i lične karte kupca i prodavca se skeniraju i prosleđuju se na e-mail Notara.

Moderna stambena zgrada

Da li treba overiti Predugovor?

Ukoliko se unapred definišu svi bitni članovi predugovora ( način plaćanja, tačan iznos kredita ..) preporučujemo da se i predugovor overi kod Notara. Overeni Predugovor znači da je potvrđen i odobren od strane vlasti, i kao takav ima snagu da štiti Vaše interese. Predugovor koji nije overen je takođe validan dokument , i njegova prednost je što se mogu lakše vršiti izmene bez dodatnih troškova.

Odlazak kod notara

Notar će svu dokumentaciju ponovo pregledati i proveriti da li za predmetnu nekretninu postoji već overen Predugovor ili Ugovor od strane istog prodavca. Ovim se sprečava tzv. dupla prodaja, i ako je sve u redu, potvrđuje se dolazak u termin za overu.

Ukoliko želite da se detaljnije informišete o tome ko su notari i čime se oni zapravo bave, tj. za kakve pravne stvari su nadležni notari, a ne sud – savetujemo vam da pročitate informacije koje smo za vas prikupili u narednom tekstu: Ko su i šta rade notari?

Koliki je (obično) depozit za kupovinu stana

Kako se izračunava kapara za kupovinu stana?

Uobičajena visina kapare za kupovinu stana je 10% od ugovorene kupoprodajne cene. Iznos depozita se obavezno mora navesti u Predugovoru i obično iznosi između 20% – 30% . Prilikom isplate kupoprodajne cene, data kapara se uračunava u ispunjenje obaveze.

Otvorena bela dvokrilna vrata

Davanje depozita za kupovinu stana iz kredita

Šta se dešava kada kupac obezbeđuje sredstva za kupovinu stana iz bankarskog kredita?

Ukoliko već  dajete depozit za kupovinu stana prodavcu, onda se on svojim delom tretira kao učešće. Za veće iznose depozita se savetuje da predugovori budu overeni kod Notara.

Razlog za to je to što je za prenos sredstava na račun prodavca preko 15.000 eura potreban overen ugovor/predugovor – kao pravni osnov za prenos sredstava.

Ovo je još jedna situacija u kojoj je veoma važno u kupovinu stana krenuti sa pravnikom i/ili finansijskim/bankarskim savtnikom

Uz njihovu pomoć je najlakše definisati koji model stambenog kredita Vam se preporučuje.

Naravno, sve odluke se donose u skladu sa vašom kreditnom sposobnosti: visinom primanja, vrednosti objekta na koji se stavlja hipoteka, itd.

Sigurna kupovina stana uz Grading

Kupovina stana nije mali poduhvat, i zbog toga smo spremni da budemo vaša podrška na putu stvaranja idealnog doma. Kontaktirajte nas za savete u vezi kupovine, prometa ili saveta u vezi nekretnina koje imate na umu.

Kupovina stana Ažurirano 05.11.2021
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What is a deposit for the apartment purchase and how is its amount determined?

The most common practice when concluding a legal deal related to the sale of any type of real estate is to conclude a pre-agreement between the seller and the buyer.

This „pre-contract“ implies giving a down payment for the purchase of an apartment, as a form of assuring the seller (often an investor) that the main contract of sale will be concluded within the agreed deadline.

In this text, we bring you the answers to the most important questions you need to know about when it is necessary to leave a deposit to buy an apartment. Among the most important ones, expect:

  • What is a deposit for buying an apartment?
  • How much should the deposit for buying an apartment be (how to calculate the deposit for buying an apartment)?
  • What does the down payment for buying an apartment mean in practice?

What is a deposit for the purchase of an apartment

The first big step in the realization of buying (or selling) real estate is the down payment, except in situations when the payment is e.g., apartment, performed at once (cash buyer).

The Law on Obligations says that „down payment“, i.e., the contract on the deposit for the purchase of the apartment obliges the buyer to purchase the apartment within the stipulated period.

If this does not happen, the seller can claim the contract or compensation in three forms:

  • Deposit for the apartment included in the compensation (in this case the court decides compensation for damage caused by non-performance of the contractual obligation)
  • Return the deposit for the purchase of the apartment
  • Take the received down payment

The down payment for the apartment is a type of psychological pressure on the fulfillment of the contractual obligation by the seller. In other words – there is no giving up. Any change of mind after the verification of the Pre-agreement and the submission of the deposit for the purchase of the apartment has its consequences.

Čovek pokazuje kalkulacije na papiru

Division of guilt regarding the fulfillment of the contractual obligation

What if the seller of the apartment or the investor is „to blame“ for the delay in fulfilling the conditions of the sales contract?

If the conclusion of the main contract does not occur for reasons attributable to the seller, the buyer has the right to demand that the seller pay him twice the amount of the received down payment.

Anyway, what if the conclusion of the sales contract was not due to the fault of the buyer?

In that case, the seller has the right to keep the deposit for the apartment, but also to seek compensation for the damage caused by the termination of the legal transaction.

What does a deposit agreement for the purchase of an apartment look like in practice

 is best to start with the lawyer and/or banking advisor on the deadline for signing the pre-agreement on real estate capitation.

The lawyer has the most knowledge and abilities to interpret and understand the documentation possessed by the seller – first of all, the Ownership Certificate (Real Estate List), and the Building Permit and Application Form.

Both documents are available in the Cadastre and are taken over by the owner, i.e., the seller. The Preliminary Purchase Agreement is done up by the Seller, and it should specify the essential items of the main Contract, as well as how to resolve the potential return or retention of the amount given as a deposit for the apartment.

* It is especially important to specify the rules on the return of the down payment for the purchase of an apartment, in case the bank does not approve the housing loan. The most common agreements are:

  • The return of the entire down payment to the buyer or only one part of the deposit, if the bank does not approve the loan. In that case, the costs of terminating the contract shall be carried by the buyer.
  • The seller keeps the submitted deposit for the purchase of the apartment

When both parties agree on the content of the Pre-contract, that document, as well as all the documentation on the basis of which it was made and the identity cards of the buyer and seller are scanned and forwarded to the e-mail of the Notary.

Moderna stambena zgrada

Do I need to certify the Pre-contract?

If all the important articles of the pre-contract are defined in advance (method of payment, exact loan amount …), we recommend that the pre-contract be notarized. Certified Pre-contract means that it is confirmed and approved by the authorities, and as such has the power to protect your interests. An uncertified pre-contract is also a valid document, and its advantage is that changes can be made more easily without additional costs.

Going to a notary

The notary will review all the documentation again and check whether there is an already certified Pre-contract or Contract for the real estate in question by the same seller. This prevents the so-called double sale, and if everything is in order, the arrival is confirmed on time for verification.

If you want to find out more about who notaries are and what they actually do, that is, for what legal matters notaries are competent, and not the court – we advise you to read the information we have collected for you in the following text: Who are notaries and what do they do?

What is the (usual) amount for a deposit while buying an apartment

How is the down payment for buying an apartment calculated?

The usual amount of the down payment for the purchase of an apartment is 10% of the agreed purchase price. The amount of the deposit must be stated in the Pre-contract and is usually between 20–30%. When paying the purchase price, the given down payment is included in the fulfillment of the obligation.

Otvorena bela dvokrilna vrata

Making a deposit for the purchase of an apartment from a loan

What happens when a buyer provides funds for the purchase of an apartment from a bank loan?

If you already give a deposit for the purchase of an apartment to the seller, then it is treated as a share in part. For larger amounts of deposits, it is advisable to have the pre-contracts certified by a Notary.

The reason for this is that the transfer of funds to the seller’s account over 15,000 euros requires a certified contract/pre-contract – as a legal basis for the transfer of funds.

This is another situation in which it is very important to start buying an apartment with a lawyer and/or financial/banking advisor.

With their help, it is easiest to define which model of housing loan is recommended for you.

Of course, all decisions are made in accordance with your creditworthiness: the amount of income, the value of the object on which the mortgage is placed, etc.

Buying an apartment safely with Grading

Buying an apartment is not a small undertaking, and that is why we are ready to be your support on the path to creating an ideal home. Contact us for advice on buying, trading or real estate advice that you have in mind.